Know what is behind the map.
Public datasets were explicitly acquired on 6–7 October 2026. Historical data is labelled by its observation period; there are no startup downloads.
Ookla Open Data · fixed & mobile
Published 2025 Q1 aggregate performance tiles. WGS84 Parquet geometry; download/upload converted from kbps to Mbps. Only tile centroids covered by a Penang district are imported. Tile averages and test counts describe sampled tests, not household coverage or unique residents. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.
Provider documentation ↗DOSM · administrative district boundaries
Five Pulau Pinang districts from DOSM’s administrative district GeoJSON. Official district codes are preserved. One degenerate Timur Laut geometry component was repaired with GEOS make_valid, with negligible area change recorded in the source manifest. Data source: Department of Statistics Malaysia. Used under DOSM Government Open Data Terms of Use 1.0; NetMap analysis is independent and is not endorsed by DOSM.
Provider documentation ↗OpenDOSM · population by district
District totals for 2020–2025. Both sexes, all ages and all ethnicities only. Published values in thousands are converted to persons. Three historical “Sp” district abbreviations have explicit documented mappings to Seberang Perai codes. Licence: CC BY 4.0. The population density layer divides each district total by geodesic polygon area; it is a district average, not a fine-resolution population surface.
Provider documentation ↗4G / 5G published coverage
PLANMalaysia public SKMM GIS polygons, clipped to DOSM Penang boundaries and generalized at 0.001 degrees (approximately 110 metres). Observation date and provider completeness are unspecified. Not a live signal guarantee or provider-specific indoor coverage. No open-data licence is stated; retain as a source-attributed local reference pending redistribution review.
Provider documentation ↗NADI official public directory
Snapshot accessed 7 October 2026. 41 directory coordinates fall within Penang district boundaries; one out-of-bound coordinate is excluded and recorded. Names, addresses and public facility coordinates only; personal staff fields are excluded. Confirm hours and operating status with the centre. No open-data licence stated.
Provider documentation ↗WiFi-mapped venues
OpenStreetMap venues tagged internet_access=wlan; 313 records within Penang boundaries. Community inventory is incomplete; free, paid and customer-only conditions vary. Coordinates of ways use their bounding centre. This is not a verified Penang Free WiFi inventory. ODbL 1.0.
Provider documentation ↗Broadband address availability
No authoritative address-level availability dataset has been imported. The map offers official provider checker links and displays unknown status; it never substitutes Ookla fixed speeds for availability. Reviewed provider GeoJSON with explicit availability, provider, observation date and licence can be imported.
Provider documentation ↗Potential underserved screening
An exploratory flag marks districts where at least 20% of observed Ookla tests are in tiles with mean download below the selected threshold, provided population is known. District density is contextual; no affected-population total is inferred. Coverage date/completeness, affordability and address availability are unverified. No flag is not evidence of adequate service.
Crowdsourced NetMap measurements
Voluntary recent connection-test results, timestamps and private WGS84 coordinates. Public cells include consenting submissions only and require sufficient samples. External public tiles are never relabelled as NetMap contributions.
OpenStreetMap basemap
Raster map from OpenStreetMap. Attribution: © OpenStreetMap contributors. Geographic context, separate from connectivity evidence.
Provider documentation ↗Speedtest® by Ookla® Global Fixed and Mobile Network Performance Maps, accessed 6 October 2026. Based on NetMap MY analysis of 2025 Q1 maps. Ookla trademarks used under license and reprinted with permission.